Optical fiber
Optical fiber is a thread like structure by which we can sent messages and data in convenient way with security. An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.
Its internal part is called core, in which there is a large number of fibres having refractive index 1.7 and diameter of the fibre is 1 micrometre . Core is covered with material of refractive index 1.5 , it is core cladding. First of all messages signals converted into optical signals and there are incident such that value of angle of incidence at core cladding interface is greater than critical angle and due to continuous total internal reflection of light. The messages signal reach from one point to another point without any loss.
Application of optical fibre
1. It is used in telecommunication, i.e. entrance meeting audio and video long distance.
2. Optical fiber are used to transmit light without loss of intensity over long distance of several kilometres.
3. Optical fibers are used in the manufacture of of medical instruments , cold and endoscope . For visual examination of stomach and intestine , etc of the patients.
4. In the form of photo-metric sensors, optical fibers are used in measuring the blood flow to the heart.
5. Optical fiber are used to measure refractive index of transparent liquids.
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